{"id":774,"date":"2020-10-30T16:46:23","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T16:46:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/waeterinckxvanherpe.law\/2020\/10\/30\/geen-definitieve-bestraffing-nooit-wettelijke-herhaling\/"},"modified":"2021-05-04T07:51:05","modified_gmt":"2021-05-04T07:51:05","slug":"geen-definitieve-bestraffing-nooit-wettelijke-herhaling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/waeterinckxvanherpe.law\/fr\/geen-definitieve-bestraffing-nooit-wettelijke-herhaling\/","title":{"rendered":"Pas de punition d\u00e9finitive, jamais de r\u00e9cidive?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le 28 mai 2020 la Cour Institutionnelle a rendu un arr\u00eat concernant la probl\u00e9matique de la r\u00e9cidive en affaires p\u00e9nales (arr\u00eat 73\/2020).<\/p>\n<p>Le contexte sous-jacent concernait un recours en annulation introduit aupr\u00e8s du Conseil d\u2019Etat par un transporteur a\u00e9rien de fret. La R\u00e9gion bruxelloise avait impos\u00e9 une amende administrative \u00e0 cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9. \u00a0Le montant de cette amende avait \u00e9t\u00e9 augment\u00e9e pour raison de r\u00e9cidive.\u00a0 Pourtant aucun des faits sur lesquels l\u2019\u00e9tat de r\u00e9cidive \u00e9tait bas\u00e9, avait \u00e9t\u00e9 irr\u00e9vocablement \u00e9tabli au vu du recours en annulation susmentionn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le cadre du recours en annulation le Conseil d\u2019Etat a pos\u00e9 une question pr\u00e9judicielle concernant la distinction suivante qui est faite par l\u2019Ordonnance Bruxelloise Environnement <a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> en mati\u00e8re d\u2019aggravement de la peine :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>en cas de droit p\u00e9nal l\u2019application de l\u2019aggravement de la peine requiert une condamnation ant\u00e9rieure d\u00e9finitive.<\/li>\n<li>en cas de droit administratif l\u2019application de l\u2019aggravement de la peine ne requiert pas de condamnation ant\u00e9rieure d\u00e9finitive et peut \u2013 comme dans ce cas \u2013 \u00eatre impos\u00e9e pendant un appel juridictionnel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le fondement de la question \u00e9tait donc la distinction en traitement en cas de r\u00e9cidive suivant que\u00a0 la proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale ou administrative \u00e9tait suivie en cas de pollution sonore.<\/p>\n<p>Fondamentalement le Conseil s\u2019est pos\u00e9 la question de savoir si le crit\u00e8re de la proc\u00e9dure suivie \u2013 administrative ou p\u00e9nale \u2013 peut justifier cette diff\u00e9rence de traitement\u00a0?<\/p>\n<p>Finalement la Cour Constitutionnelle a r\u00e9pondu par la n\u00e9gative. \u00a0La Cour constate en effet que le crit\u00e8re de diff\u00e9renciation est fonction de la proc\u00e9dure suivie, p\u00e9nale ou administrative, et que dans le premier cas un aggravement de la peine sur base de r\u00e9cidive requiert une condamnation d\u00e9finitive ant\u00e9rieure, tandis que ceci n\u2019est pas le cas dans une proc\u00e9dure administrative.<\/p>\n<p>La Cour Constitutionnelle estime que malgr\u00e9 qu\u2019un fait identique puisse \u00eatre sanctionn\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re alternative, ceci requiert quand m\u00eame qu\u2019il y ait un parall\u00e9lisme entre les mesures qui sont utilis\u00e9es pour individualiser la peine.<\/p>\n<p>Comme ceci n\u2019\u00e9tait pas le cas dans le r\u00e8glement pr\u00e9vu par l\u2019 l\u2019Ordonnance Bruxelloise Environnement, la Cour Constitutionnelle a conclu qu\u2019il y avait violation des articles 10 et 11 de la Constitution.<\/p>\n<p>Entretemps la R\u00e9gion bruxelloise a rem\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me.\u00a0 Depuis le 4 octobre 2020 il est \u00e9crit : \u00ab\u00a0<em>Si, dans un d\u00e9lai de trois ans apr\u00e8s une condamnation p\u00e9nale coul\u00e9e en force de chose jug\u00e9e ou une sanction administrative <u>d\u00e9finitive<\/u> pour une infraction vis\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;article 31, une nouvelle infraction vis\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;article 31 est constat\u00e9e<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb au lieu du passage\u00a0\u2018condamn\u00e9\u2019 \u00ab\u00a0<em>Si une nouvelle infraction est constat\u00e9e dans les trois ans \u00e0 compter de la date du proc\u00e8s-verbal\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Etant donn\u00e9 que le maintien en mati\u00e8re de normes particuli\u00e8res au sein de notre ordre juridique pr\u00e9voit tr\u00e8s souvent des r\u00e8gles tant administratives que p\u00e9nales, cet arr\u00eat m\u00e9rite d\u2019y porter une attention particuli\u00e8re dans la pratique.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 Patrick Waeterinckx<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Ordonnance de la R\u00e9gion de Bruxelles-Capitale du 25 mars 1999 relative \u00e0 la recherche, la constatation, la poursuite et la r\u00e9pression des infractions en mati\u00e8re d&rsquo;environnement<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le 28 mai 2020 la Cour Institutionnelle a rendu un arr\u00eat concernant la probl\u00e9matique de la r\u00e9cidive en affaires p\u00e9nales (arr\u00eat 73\/2020). Le contexte sous-jacent concernait un recours en annulation &#8230; <\/p>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/waeterinckxvanherpe.law\/fr\/geen-definitieve-bestraffing-nooit-wettelijke-herhaling\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business-fr","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pas de punition d\u00e9finitive, jamais de r\u00e9cidive? - Waeterinckx advocaten<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/waeterinckxvanherpe.law\/geen-definitieve-bestraffing-nooit-wettelijke-herhaling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pas de punition d\u00e9finitive, jamais de r\u00e9cidive? - Waeterinckx advocaten\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le 28 mai 2020 la Cour Institutionnelle a rendu un arr\u00eat concernant la probl\u00e9matique de la r\u00e9cidive en affaires p\u00e9nales (arr\u00eat 73\/2020). 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